Initially, much of the core of what became People’s Rights grew out of ties developed during the Bundy family’s armed confrontations with the federal government and/or their subsequent court cases.  Some of these core activists became engaged in these networks around the time of Cliven Bundy’s 2014 Bunkerville standoff, including Nevada state leader Joshua Martinez, Utah Area 9 assistant Shawna Cox, Utah Area 10 assistant Raul Hevia, and Washington State Area 2 assistant Tammy Hill.[16]

Others were involved in Ammon’s takeover of the Oregon wildlife refuge. Utah Area 9 assistant Shawna Cox, Idaho Area 2 assistants Sean and Sandra Anderson, and Utah figure Brand Thornton were all directly involved in the Malheur takeover. Oregon state leader BJ Soper organized in connection to the occupation through the Pacific Patriot Network.[17]

Others either directly mobilized or became engaged online on behalf of LaVoy Finicum, killed by police during the standoff, or during post-Malheur Bundy family trials. These include:

• California state leader Tony Pellegrino
• California Area 10 assistant Erik Cryder
• Washington Area 4 assistant Kelli Stewart
• Washington Area 5 assistant Amanda Bisset
• Missouri Area 8 assistant Madelynn Frazier
• Montana Area 5 assistant Ed Kugler
• Oregon Area 3 assistant HollyJo Beers
• Utah Area 11 assistant Trevor Wilkerson. [18]

Arkansas state leader Angela Clemons, while organizing in support of a militia member convicted of plotting to kill law enforcement, did so in cooperation with activists in Bundy’s networks in 2018.[19]

In late April, People’s Rights launched its website, complete with stock-photos of a happy white family, and the tagline, “Uniting Neighbors to Defend Their Families, Faith, Freedom and Future.”

Despite persistent talk of a lack of hierarchy in the organization, People’s Rights is a fairly typically structured group. Ammon Bundy sits atop the hierarchy—though in an unnamed, unspecified position. He is the main spokesperson for the group, and it appears that he has complete access to all the individual member information.

Seated below Bundy, at least in terms of access to information, are so-called “state assistants” responsible for coordinating activities with multiple “area assistants” across their respective states. As Bundy explained in a training video, “The job of the state assistant is to identify the boundaries of each area and to help nominate and fill each of the area assistant positions. And it’s really that simple. Then the state assistants will just assist the area assistants in all that they have to do, training, when one needs to be replaced they can encourage nominations.”[20]

According to Bundy, “the area assistant is the most important role in people’s rights,” as they are the “gatekeepers of the information.”[21] Bundy explained in another training video for area assistants,

“So when people sign up to People’s Rights, the area assistants receive that information and it does not go to all the other people in your area. That way it’s protected, that it can’t be used improperly. And the area assistants are the gatekeepers, the caretakers of that information. They also activate the people when someone’s rights need to be defended, or when something is going on in their community, in their neighborhoods, that needs to be addressed.”[22]

In sixteen different states, the network has divided up each state into areas that are overseen by area leaders. As of September 1, there are ten state assistants and 143 area assistants in sixteen states: Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Washington. Kentucky, Nebraska, and Texas have been divided into areas, but do not yet have assigned state or local assistants. In total, these states account for 15,602 individuals in the People’s Rights network, the vast majority of the group.

The complete list of area assistants has only been known to the inner-circle of People’s Rights. Until now. Report researchers have uncovered the complete list of state and area assistants for People’s Rights. A complete list of state and area assistants is available here. Additional information about area assistants is available on each state page.

To dive deeper into the far-right activity of People’s Rights at the state level–including area membership figures and profiles of area leaders–select one of the states below.

In addition, there are 6,249 additional members scattered across the thirty-four states that do not yet have area leaders and have not been broken into areas. In total, the People’s Rights network had 21,851 members in their membership system on September 1.

Building on top of the initial militia base, data suggests that the growth of People’s Rights relied heavily on opposition to COVID-19 health restrictions. An examination of Facebook data indicates that People’s Rights area leaders are members of 85 different COVID-19 Insurrection groups.[23]  More than one-quarter of the members of People’s Rights groups on Facebook are members of one or more groups opposed to COVID-19 restrictions. In total, 2,097 members of the 8,193 members of People’s Rights Facebook groups are members of one or more of 785 different groups opposed to COVID-19 health restrictions.[24] Some of the most popular groups among People’s Rights Members include: Reopen Washington State (370), Bare Face Is Legal (270), ReopenWA (262), Put your $$ where your mask is. Freedom Friendly Businesses!! (256),  All Jobs are Essential (221), Open Oregon (174), No Mandatory Masks For Kids in ANY  Washington State Schools (162), Reopen Oregon (155), Reopen Washington State Churches (155), and Reopen Washington Action Network (143).

As discussed at the initial meetings, the network quickly moved beyond opposition to COVI9-19 restrictions. Instead, they laid forth a framework to appeal to militia-types, conspiracists, anti-vaxxers, preppers, Christian nationalists, and more. According to their website,

“When it is no longer ‘legal’ to grow your own food, educate your children or operate your own business, who will you call?  Who will you call when the law mandates that vaccines be injected into your body or the bodies of your children?  Who will you call when street criminals roam your neighborhood undeterred by the police?  Who will you call when due process is denied to you because of political differences?  Who will you call when things like contact-tracing are implemented in your state and you refuse to participate?”[25]

The expanse of the issue set may partially account for the wider appeal of People’s Rights with women, compared to the militia/Second Amendment crowd.

NOTES

[16] Burns, Jack. “Exclusive: Watch Cops Swarm, Arrest Innocent Man for Refusing to Say How Old He Is.” The Free Thought Project. July 9, 2017. https://thefreethoughtproject.com/man-arrested-failing-give-date-birth/; Independent American Party. “AntiDepressant Lecture.” Drug Awareness website. August 1, 2014. https://www.drugawareness.org/saturday-august-2-antidepressant-lecture/; Nagourney, Adam. “A Defiant Rancher Savors the Audience That Rallied to His Side.” New York Times. April 23, 2014; Hill, Tammy. “Throwback Thursday: Ron Paul Warned Against the BLM Arming Itself 17 Years Ago.” Patriots and Paulies website. May 1, 2014. https://patriotsandpaulies.wordpress.com/2014/05/01/throw-back-thursday-ron-paul-warned-against-the-blm-17-years-ago/#more-3958.

[17] Bernstein, Maxine. “Sandy Anderson, one of four holdouts, wasn’t aware of federal orders to leave, lawyer says.” The Oregonian. February 19, 2016. Updated January 9, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/oregon-standoff/2016/02/sandy_anderson_one_of_last_4_r.html; Bernstein, Maxine. “3 Oregon standoff defendants plead guilty to trespass, pay $1000 restitution.” The Oregonian. February 6, 2017. Updated January 9, 2019. https://www.oregonlive.com/oregon-standoff/2017/02/three_oregon_standoff_defendan.html; Graves, Mark. “Refuge occupier’s sounding of shofar becomes subject of disputed testimony.” The Oregonian. March 2, 2017. https://www.oregonlive.com/oregon-standoff/2017/03/refuge_occupiers_sounding_of_a.html.

[18] Waterhouse, Steward D. “Exhibit ‘B’. Signatures in Support.” Seditionists website. May 30, 2016. http://www.seditionists.com/Signatures.pdf; “Patriot Rally in Twin Falls.” We the People Magic Valley. February 15, 2017. https://wethepeoplemv.wixsite.com/home; “Red Pill Expo: Angela Clemons and Kelli Stewart – Imprisoning Patriots #Free Shaeffer Cox#BundyTrials” PSCP website. https://www.pscp.tv/w/1rmxPNWnOOdGN; Last Chance Patriots. April 2018. Vol 2(4). http://www.lastchancepatriots.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/LCP-Newsletter-2018-April.pdf; Zahrkin, Fedor. “Showdown in Burns.” The Oregonian. February 6, 2016. http://www.doomsteaddiner.net/forum/index.php?topic=6449.135; Wilkerson, Trevor. Facebook. January 28, 2016. https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10153907931929860&id=842949859&

[19] “Red Pill Expo: Angela Clemons and Kelli Stewart – Imprisoning Patriots #Free Shaeffer Cox#BundyTrials.” PSCP website. https://www.pscp.tv/w/1rmxPNWnOOdGN.

[20] Bundy, Ammon. ”What is an area assistant?” YouTube.  July 28, 2020. https://youtu.be/Z-Qv3MPxvKM.

[21] Ibid.

[22] People’s Rights. “Assistant Training.” People’s Rights website. Undated. https://www.peoplesrights.org/assistant-training.

[23] People’s Rights area leaders were members of these groups opposed to COVID-19 health restrictions: #ReOpenCT, #ReopenTN, All Jobs are Essential, Americans for COVID-19 Truth|  Against Quarantine of the healthy, Anti-Mask League 2020, Anti-Maskers, Bare Face Is Legal, C.U.R.E. –  Citizens United for Reopening the Economy, Citizens to End the Destruction of California, Covid shutdown March on Capital Building, Defend Hermiston & Eastern Oregon, Essential Minnesota, FLa 2020=The 4 concerned, Floridians for FREEDOM over fear!, Free California, GridLock Montana, Jackson County, Uniting for Liberty, Jefferson County Uniting for Liberty, KEEP CALIFORNIA OPEN & FREE ( Uncensored ),  Keep Florida Open and End Mandatory Mask Wearing, Lane County Uniting For Liberty, Liberate Montana, Linn County Oregon Uniting for Liberty, Marion County Uniting for Liberty, NC United for Liberty, No Mandatory Masks For Kids in ANY  Washington State Schools, Mothers Against Mask Mandates, No mask/muzzles| we have a Voice!, Ohioans Against Excessive Quarantine, Open Florida, Open Florida NOW, Open Oregon, OPEN PALM BEACH COUNTY SCHOOLS–OUR CHILDREN| OUR CHOICE, Open Up Martin County, Open Washington Now, Open Washington| Oregon| California| Nevada And Colorado, Oregon Uniting for Liberty, Palm Beach County Against Mandatory Masks!, Protest Washington State Covid19 lockdown,  Put your $$ where your mask is. Freedom Friendly Businesses!!, REOPEN AMERICA, Re-Open America, Reopen Arizona, Re-open Arizona For Business, Reopen Arkansas – End Govt Covid19 Overreach, Reopen California – Enough is Enough,  Reopen California Schools, Reopen Clallam County, Reopen Florida, Reopen Florida Beaches!, REOPEN Florida Miami-Dade, Reopen Florida Schools and Reject CDC Guidelines, Reopen Florida!- NorthEast Florida Chapter, Reopen Florida! ORLANDO, Reopen Florida-Broward, REOPEN GA, ReOpen Hawaii, Reopen Kansas, Reopen KY, Reopen Maryland, Reopen Minnesota, Reopen Montana, Reopen Nebraska, Reopen NH, Re-Open Norman, Reopen Oregon, Reopen Oregon Now, ReOpen South Florida, Reopen Springfield Missouri, ReOpen the California Churches, Reopen USA, Reopen Washington Action Network, Reopen Washington State, Reopen Washington State Churches, Reopen Wisconsin!  Recall Governor Tony Evers and Gordon Hintz, Reopening and Unmasking WA State Schools, ReopenWA, Save Oregon, South Florida Unmasked, Stand For Freedom (Utah), Stand Up For Freedom, STAND UP FOR YOUR RIGHTS, Utah Freedom, Unmasking America!, Washingtonians Against (Excessive) Quarantine – WAQ.

[24] Members of People’s Rights groups on Facebook were also members of these Facebook groups opposed to COVID-19 health restrictions: RE OPEN CALIFORNIA CITIZENS FIGHT BACK, #BackToBusinessGeorgia, #Liberate Washington, #LiberateMissouri,#OpenOHIOAgain, #OpenSBC, #OpenUpCA, #REOPEN IL FREEDOM IN NUMBERS!, #Reopen OK, #ReOpenCT, #reopenjoco, #ReopenKS, #ReopenNC Burke County/Unifour Area, #ReOpenNC Henderson County, #ReOpenNC Iredell, #REOPENNJ 2020, #ReopenNY, #ReOpenOC, #ReopenOhio, #reopenOR, #ReopenTexas, #ReOpenTN, #ReOpenVC, #UNMASKCT, 2020 PLANDEMIC CORONA PSYOP MIND CONTROL ANTI NEW WORLD ORDER, VACCINES, 5G, Ada School UNMASKED, Adams County Patriots, Advocates for Economic Liberty, AGAINST MANDATORY COVID-19 VACCINES, Alabamian’s Against Excessive Quarantine, Alaskans Against Mandatory Quarantine, All Jobs are Essential, All Shepherds, No Sheep – Fight to be FREE!, America Back To Work 4/27/20, America Unmasked, American Women do NOT Wear Masks, American Workers & Business Owners Against Excessive Quarantine., Americans Against Excessive Overreach,Americans Against Excessive Quarantine, Americans Against Excessive Quarantine Group, AMERICANS Against excessive Quarantine!, Americans Against Excessive Shut Down and Quarantine, Americans Against Masking & Global Friends Too!, Americans Against Quarantine, Americans Against the COVID Hoax, Americans Against Unconstitutional Lockdown, Americans Against Unconstitutional Lockdowns, Americans Against Unnecessary Quarantine & Business Disruption, Americans for COVID-19 Truth, Against Quarantine of the healthy, Americans for Liberty and Freedom: End the Government Shutdown, Anti Mask Upstate NY, Anti-Lockdown Group, AntiMask, ANTI-MASK 2020, Anti-Mask Coalition, Anti-Mask League 2020, ANTI-MASKER NATION, Anti-Maskers, Anti-Maskers for Constitutional Rights, ANTI-MASK-STAND4FREEDOM-NOT SLAVERY, AR2 Patriot Network, Arizona against excessive lockdown, Arizonans Against Excessive Quarantine, Arizonans for Liberty, Back to work Colorado, Back to Work Florida, BACKTOWORK2020, Bare Face Is Legal, Benton County Uniting for Liberty, Berkshire’s against CV19 hoax, Berkshire’s against CV19 hoax, Boise Parents Against Mandatory Masks in Schools, Buckeyes Against Mandatory Quarantine, Bucks County No Masks Required, Buffalonians Against Excessive Quarantine (716) [2], Burke/Catawba businesses not requiring masks, Burn Your Mask, Burn your masks!!, C.U.R.E. –  Citizens United for Reopening the Economy, C-19 Hoax 2020, Cabarrus Freedom, California Against Excessive Quarantine, California against masks, California for Civil Rights (Stop The Lockdowns), California Patriots pro Law & Order, Californians Against Excessive Quarantine, Californians Against Lockdown, Californians Against Quarantine, Californians For Freedom, Casper Back To Work, Central Bucks Residents for Reopening Schools, Cherokee County School District REOPEN Community group, Christians Against Face Masks, Citizen.  stand up !  ( N.C. ), Citizens For Living Liberty UNITED, Citizens for reopening for business no later than 05/04/2020, Citizens to End the Destruction of California, Citizens to REOPEN CAROLINA BEACH, Citizens United for Freedom, Coloradans Against Excessive Quarantine, Colorado Citizens Against Polis Shutdown Orders, Come Together KS & MO, Commons of Halifax County Virginia, cool story, but corona virus is a hoax,  CoronaHoax2020, coronavirus hoax, coronavirus hoax., COVID 19 – BACK TO WORK NOW, Covid 19 Hoax, Covid shutdown March on Capital Building, COVID=HOAX, COVID-19 is a hoax, COVID-19 Is A Hoax!, CT citizens against the shutdown., CT Get Back To Work Rally!, CutNOW hairdressers for opening!, Dansville Against Excessive Quarantine, Defend Hermiston & Eastern Oregon, Defy Your State Government and Get Back To Work, Deschutes County Uniting For Liberty, Disobey Idaho: North Idaho, Douglas County United for Liberty, DURANGO UNITED!, Durango UNMASKED Unite!, Durango UNMASKED Unite!, Elk County for Freedom, Empowering Minds of Pa – EMP, End America’s Lockdown, End lockdown  June 2020, END the Covid-19 Lockdown NOW!- Only Sunshine or Vit.D3 will stop this Flu!, End The Fresno Lockdown, End the Lock Down, End the Lock down.- Restore Civil Liberties., End the Lockdown, End the Lockdown in Texas, End The Lockdown Tampa Bay, End The Lockdown!  This is America!, End The Lockdown-Maryland, End The Quarantine, End The Shutdown, End The Shutdown Movement, End the Shutdown. Quarantine is not a cure., End the Washington State quarantine!, EndTheLockdown Astoria Queens NY, Essential Minnesota, Estes Park Patriots For Freedom, Face the Truth, Fear Free Montgomery, FIRE FAUCI – END THE LOCKDOWN, FLa 2020=The 4 concerned, Florida Citizens Against Looters/Lockdowns, Florida Snow Day, Florida Uniting for Liberty, FLORIDA/USA TIME FOR LOCKDOWN TO END!!!, Floridian’s Against Excessive Quarantine, Floridians against excessive quarantine, Floridians for FREEDOM over fear!, Floridians to march on the state capital to end lockdown, Floridian’s Against Excessive Quarantine, For Our Rights, Free California, Free Encinitas & San Diego County, Free Livingston County NY, FREE NYS, Free To Choose- No Mandatory Masks For Lakeland, Freedom, Freedom For Michigan, Freedom Is Essential New Jersey, Freedom march 2020, Freedom ????????, FreedomNC – New Hanover County, Fresno Freedom Events, Fully Open Ferndale Schools, Georgia AGAINST Mandatory Face Masks!, Georgians Against Excessive Quarantine, Georgians Against Unconstitutional Quarantine, Get America Back To Work!, Get Americans Back to Work, Get Indiana County Back to Work, Get our Freedom Back Illinois!!, GetNCBacktowork, Getting OK Back TO NORMAL!, Glendale Unified Parents Against Masks, Great 48!, Group for businesses not requiring masks in Kentucky, Gwinnett Citizens AGAINST Mandatory Masks in School, Gwinnettians against excessive quarantine, Hanover PA for Smaller Government, HARDIN NORTHERN SCHOOL UNMASKED, Hoosiers Connect, Hoosiers United for Liberty, Hunt County – Back to Business, I refuse to wear a mask., Idahoans against excessive quarantine, Illini fighting against excessive quarantine!, Illinoisans Against Excessive Quarantine, Illinoisians Against Excessive Quarantine, Indiana Citizens, Iowans For Economic Freedom, It’s Time to Get Back to Work!, Jackson County Uniting for Liberty, Jefferson County Uniting for Liberty, Joplin Mask Mandate Opponents, July 4th Mask Burning Protest, Kansans against mandatory face mask, Kansas Mask Boycott, KEEP CALIFORNIA OPEN & FREE ( Uncensored ), Keep Florida Open and End Mandatory Mask Wearing, Keep Missouri Open, KEEP NEVADA OPEN, Keep Santa Cruz Free, Keep Wisconsin Open!!, Keeping Texas Great! The Lone Star State., Kentucky Resistance to Excessive Quarantine, Kingsburg Constitutionalists, KY is Open for Business, Lancaster/York Area No Masks Required, Lane County Uniting For Liberty, Las Vegas & Nevada Against Excessive Quarantine, Lee county mask protest planning, Let us go back to work!!!!!! Enough is enough!!, Lets Be The Voices for Reopening Schools/Sports, Let’s End The Lockdown, LET’S GET BACK TO WORK, Let’s Get Back to Work!, Let’s Keep Clark County, NV, Open, Let’s Liberate Missouri together!, LIBERATE, Liberate America, LIBERATE ARKANSAS, LIBERATE CALIFORNIA, Liberate Colorado, LIBERATE FLORIDA, LIBERATE ILLINOIS, LIBERATE KENTUCKY, LIBERATE MARYLAND, LIBERATE MICHIGAN, Liberate Michigan 2.0, LIBERATE MINNESOTA, Liberate Montana, Liberate New England, Liberate Our City, Liberate Palm Desert, Liberate Pennsylvania, Liberate Racine, Liberate Shakopee, LIBERATE TENNESSEE, Liberate the USA! Put American’s Back to Work! End the Quarantine!, Liberate Virginia, Liberate Washington, Liberate Wyoming, Liberty Keepers Michigan, Liberty Prince William County, Life, Liberty and Lincoln County, Lift the Lockdown Sonoma County, Linn County Oregon Uniting for Liberty, Live Free MN, Live Free Or Die : Open New Hampshire, Los Angeles County Open Schools for 2020, Louisianians Against Excessive Quarantining, LTUSD Parents for Reopening Schools, Maine businesses forcing masks, Maine Discussion Forum, Mainers Against Excessive Quarantine Member’s Bulletin Board, Mainers Against Extended Quarantine, MAKE SCV SCHOOLS NORMAL AGAIN!!, Mandatory mask protest, Mankato Un-Masked, Marching for Freedom – North County, SD, Marion County Uniting for Liberty, Marion County Unmasked, Maryland Against Extended Quarantine, Maryland Back in Business, MASK FREE, Mask Free PA, Mask NOT Manditory Places., Mask Off Militia (M.O.M), Mask-Free Missouri, Masks Are A Choice – Orange County, MASKS ARE FOR THE SHEEP AND THE SLAVES OF THE ZIONIST JEWS!, Masks not Required Unifour, MASKS OFF FOR JESUS!!, MASKS OFF NJ, Massachusetts Freedom Project, May 7th – PA citizen reopening, because we decide!, MAY DAY 2020 Back to work and worship, MAYDAY CALL TO RE‐OPEN BUSINESS, MAYDAY CALL TO REΓÇÉOPEN BUSINESS, MAYDAY…..BUSINESS OWNERS UNITE-OPEN During The Month Of  MAY, Michigan 100% AGAINST QUARANTINE, Michigan 3 Percent Against the Quarantine, Michigan against excessive quarantine, Michigan Against Mandatory COVID Vaccination, Michigan Freedom Unmasked, Michigan Go Back To Work, Michigan Minorities Against Excessive Quarantine, Michigan Protest Plan & Contingency, Michigan Real Estate Profess against excessive quarantine, and for Liberty., Michiganders against excessive quarantine, Michiganders against face masks, Michiganders Against Forced Quarantine, michigander’s against mandatory masks, Michiganders Fighting to Protect Rights, Michiganders for Freedom, Michiganders in quarantine against Whitmer, Michiganders Still Against Excessive Quarantine!, Mid Michiganders against Tyranny— For Common Sense Government, Mid Michiganders against Tyranny For Common Sense Government, Mississippians Against The Lockdown, Missourians Against Excessive Quarantine, Missourians against quarantine and social distancing, Missourians Against Unconstitutional Quarantine, Mitchell Kernel Parents Against Mandatory Masks, Mohave County AZ Against Mandatory Face Masks, Moms Against Masks, Montana Gym Owners for Re Opening, Moore County Citizens for Freedom- Reopen NC, Mothers Against Mask Mandates, Muscatine Protest Against Mandatory Masks, My Child, My Choice, Unmask our kids, NC No Masks Mafia, NC United for Liberty, NEPA No Masks Required, Nevada against excessive quarantine, Nevada Citizens for Liberty & Prosperity, Nevada Freedom Fighters for Liberty, Nevada Freedom Keepers, Nevadans Against the New Abnormal, Nevadans to Open our State, Nevadians Against Excessive Quarantine, New England Against Excessive Quarantine, New Jerseyans Against Excessive Government, New Yorkers Against Cuomo’s Excessive Quarantine, New Yorkers Against Excessive Quarantine, New Yorkers Against Quarantine, New Yorkers Organized Against Authoritarianism, NJ Sons & Daughters of Liberty, No Mandatory Masks For Kids in ANY  Washington State Schools, No Mandatory Masks For Kids in Washington State Public Schools, NO MAS(K), NO MASK DEFIANCE, No Mask Flash Mob Carroll County, No mask for me, No Mask High Five Challenge, No Mask Jeffco, No Mask Mafia, No Mask Zone, No mask/muzzles, we have a Voice!, No masks businesses In central Illinois, No Masks for Colorado, No masks for us!, No more Mandatory Masks, No More Shutdowns, Lock downs or “Pauses”, no we wont wear mask, North Carolina Independence Day, North Carolinians Against Mandatory Masks, NoToMask&SocialDistancing, Nurses to Reopen Pa., NY Against Mandatory Masks, NYC: Reopen Businesses Now, Oakboro Freedom Convoy, OAMQ, OCC Open Carver County, Ohio Against Unconstitutional Quarantine, Ohio Freedom from Economic Tyranny, Ohioans Against Excessive Quarantine, Ohioans Against Mandatory Masks, Oklahomans Against Tyranny, Open Alabama/say No To Covid-19 Communism, OPEN Archdiocese of NY Schools in September!!, Open Arizona Now, Open Arkansas Now, Open Back Up Our Great Country (USA), OPEN BRAZORIA COUNTY,  TEXAS, Open Butler County Ohio, OPEN CALIFORNIA !, OPEN CALIFORNIA BACK UP ( STAND YOUR GROUND ), Open California NOW, Open Churches Now, Open Dallas County Group, Open DuPage and Will County, Open El Paso County, Colorado, Open Fairfax County Schools #OpenFCPS, Open Fayette County, Open Flagler County Now!!!, Open Florida, Open Florida NOW, Open Florida Now!, OPEN FOR BUSINESS WA, Open Harris County (without restrictions), OPEN ICT NOW, Open Kittson County MN, OPEN LODI, Open Maine Now, Open Marshall County, Open Michigan Now, Open Mississippi, Open MN back up R@lly, Open NC Schools, Open New Jersey Churches, OPEN NEW YORK STATE UP, Open NJ schools, Open Northwest Florida Peaceful Rally & Caravan, OPEN ON MAY 4TH, 2020, Open Oregon, Open Oregon Businesses, Open Oregon NOW!, Open Our Churches, Open PA. NOW!, Open Palm Beach County Now, OPEN PALM BEACH COUNTY SCHOOLS–OUR CHILDREN, OUR CHOICE, Open Perry County Illinois back up now., Open Pike County PA, OPEN ROSEAU COUNTY, Open S.C. Back Up, Open Santa Clara County NOW, Open schools in Catoosa County, Open Spokane Now!, Open Tennessee, Open Texas, Open Texas – No Mask Required, Open Texas Now, Open Trump’s Economy Rally, Open Up America, Open up California, Open Up Humboldt County For Business, Open Up Kansas and Lock Down the Governor!, Open Up Martin County, Open up MN state parks and campgrounds, Open Up New Hampshire, Open Up NOW!!!, Open Up Tennessee Let’s Get Back to Work!, Open Utah!  Stop the Shutdown, Open Volusia Schools Fall 2020, Open WA State Allow People to Go Back to Work, Open Walworth County May 9th, Open Washington, Open Washington Now, Open Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada And Colorado, Open West Virginia, Opening Minnesota Up, Opening Up America Again!, Operation Gridlock, Operation Gridlock Los Angeles, Operation Gridlock Maine, operation gridlock missouri., Operation Gridlock New Orleans, operation gridlock North Carolina, Operation Gridlock Pennsylvania, Operation Gridlock Tampa, Operation PUSHBACK!, Operation Truth Jax, Operation Un-mask, Oppose Abbott: keep Texas open, Orange County Against Excessive Quarantine, Oregon Uniting for Liberty, Oregonians Against Excessive Quarantine, Ottawa County citizens against excessive quarantine., Palm Beach County Against Mandatory Masks!, Parents for Schools to Open, Patriots Against Excessive Quarantine, Patriots Against Governmental Overreach, Patriots In The Tri Always, Patriots of Hancock County Illinois, Pennsylvanians Against Excessive Quaurantine, Pennsylvanians Against the Quarantine, Pennsylvanians for Civil Liberties, People Against Excessive Quarantine, people who wont wear a mask, Protest Washington State Covid19 lockdown, Put your $$ where your mask is. Freedom Friendly Businesses!!, Re Open Kern County CA, Re Open Menifee, Recall Evers put Wisconsin back to work NOW!, Recall Kentucky overnor Andy Beshear, Reopen  Michigan bars and restaurants, Reopen Alabama, Reopen Alabama – Oust the Tyrants in 2022!, REOPEN AMERICA, Re-Open America, REOPEN AMERICA – Full Picture, Re-Open America 5-01-2020 … Let Freedom Ring!, ReOpen America Intelligently!, REOPEN AMERICA… BACK IN BUSINESS!, Reopen Anne Arundel County, Reopen Arizona, Re-open Arizona For Business, Reopen Arkansas – End Govt Covid19 Overreach, ReOpen Baltimore County, Re-Open Baltimore County Schools, ReOpen Baltimore County Uncensored, Reopen Brainerd Lakes, REOPEN BREVARD COUNTY!, ReOpen Bucks Businesses Only, Reopen California, Reopen California – Enough is Enough, REOPEN CALIFORNIA BEACHES, Reopen California Schools, Reopen California Schools and Sports, Re-open California!, REOPEN CAROLINA, ReOpen Carteret County, Reopen Catawba Valley, Reopen Cecil County, Reopen Charles County, Reopen Chester/Berks Counties, Reopen Clallam County, ReOpen Clearfield County, ReOpen Collier, Reopen Colorado, Reopen Colorado (Inactive), Reopen Colorado Schools: No CDC COVID Guidelines, REOPEN Columbus, ReOpen Craven, Reopen Davidson County, ReOpen DC, Reopen Delaware, Reopen Delco Pa., ReOpen El Dorado County, Reopen Elbert County, Reopen Fauquier County, Reopen Florida, Reopen Florida Beaches!, REOPEN Florida Miami-Dade, Reopen Florida Now – Floridians Against Excessive Quarantine Measures, Reopen Florida Schools and Reject CDC Guidelines, Reopen Florida!- NorthEast Florida Chapter, Re-Open Florida! Northwest Florida Chapter, Reopen Florida! ORLANDO, Reopen Florida-Broward, Reopen FRANKLIN COUNTY WA, Reopen Frederick, REOPEN GA, Reopen Gaston County, RE-OPEN GRANT COUNTY WA, REOPEN GREENSBORO, Reopen Hawaii, Reopen Illinois, RE-OPEN ILLINOIS, Reopen Illinois Schools, RE-OPEN ILLINOIS SCHOOLS, Reopen Indian River County, REOPEN INDIANA, Reopen Iowa Schools, Reopen Jeffco, Reopen Kansas, ReOpen Kitsap,Reopen Kittitas County, Reopen KY, REOPEN LA Group, Reopen Lackawanna County, Reope Lafayette, Reopen Lancaster county, ReOpen Lehigh County Schools, REOPEN LOS ANGELES, Re-open Louisiana, REOPEN MA – PATRIOTS, REOPEN MA 2.0, Reopen Maryland, Reopen Maryland – Carroll County, Reopen Maryland NOW!!!, Reopen Massachusetts, ReOpen Maui Group, Reopen MD, REOPEN MECK, Reopen Mecklenburg County, ReOpen MeetUp, Reopen Mendocino county, Reopen Minnesota, REOPEN Minnesota( not the censored group), Reopen Mississippi, Reopen Missouri, Reopen Mobile, Reopen Modesto, Reopen Montana, Reopen Montgomery County, Reopen Montgomery County MD, Reopen Montgomery County PA, Reopen Montgomery County, Maryland Churches, REOPEN NC, Reopen NC – Alamance County, Reopen NC – Greene, Reopen NC – Harnett County, Reopen NC – Haywood, Reopen NC – Henderson, Reopen NC – Moore, Reopen NC – Onslow, Reopen NC – Pamlico, Reopen NC – Pitt, Reopen NC – Watauga, Reopen NC – Wayne, Reopen NC – Wilkes, Reopen NC – Wilson, Reopen NC – Yancey, REOPEN NC Brunswick County, Reopen NC- Durham & Orange, REOPEN NC- New Hanover county- group for peaceful protests, REOPEN NC- Rockingham County, REOPEN NC-Southport/OKI, Reopen NC-Stokes County, ReOpen Nebraska, Reopen Nevada Sisolak!! Rights before Covid19!!, Reopen New Jersey!!!, Re-Open New Jersey/Stop Murphy/Stop Communism, Reopen New Mexico, Reopen NH, REOPEN NJ, REOPEN NJ Schools!, Reopen NorCal, Re-Open Norman, Reopen North Carolina, Reopen North Carolina Now, Reopen North Dakota Now, RE-OPEN NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, Reopen Ohio, Reopen Ohio Now, Reopen Okanogan County, ReOpen Orange County, ReOpen Orange County Schools, Re-open Orange County Schools NOW, ReOpen Orange County, Reopen Oregon, Reopen Oregon Now, Reopen Oregon!, Re-Open Our Schools, ReOpen PA, Reopen Pa., Reopen Pasadena, ReOpen Pennsylvania Schools, ReOpen Philly, Reopen Pinellas County!, Re-Open Placer County, Reopen Queen Anne’s County, REOPEN RC, Reopen Riverside County, California, Reopen RVA!, REOPEN SAMPSON COUNTY NC, Re-Open San Bernardino County/Re-Open California, Re-Open San Diego, Reopen San Luis Obispo County, REOPEN SC, REOPEN SC MAGA 2020!, REOPEN SEAL BEACH, Reopen SJC, Reopen Sonoma County, REOPEN SOUTH CAROLINA, ReOpen South Florida, Reopen Spokane County, Reopen Springfield Missouri, REOPEN ST MARYS, Reopen Suffolk County, ReOpen Tennessee, Reopen Tennessee Now, Reopen Texas, ReOpen the California Churches, ReOpen The Country, Reopen the Country or the Trucks STOP, ReOpen the Lehigh Valley, ReOpen the Region, Reopen The San Luis Valley, Reopen the Triad, Reopen the U.S., Reopen the US, Re-Open the West Coast, Reopen Union County, Re-Open Upstate NY!!!, Reopen USA, Reopen Utah, Reopen VA Schools -Roanoke County, Reopen Virginia, Reopen Virginia Now, Reopen WA state schools, REOPEN Wake County, Reopen Washington Action Network, Reopen Washington County, Reopen Washington State, Reopen Washington State Churches, REOPEN WAXHAW, Reopen West Virginia, Reopen Wisconsin Freedom Rally, Reopen Wisconsin Freedom Rally ????????, Reopen Wisconsin!  Recall Governor Tony Evers and Gordon Hintz, ReOpen Wisconsin: Dane County, ReOpen York County, ReopenDavieCounty, RE-OPENED LAKE COUNTY, CA 2020, RE-OPENED NAPA COUNTY, CA, Reopening and Unmasking WA State Schools, Re-opening Kentucky Safely by June 1st., ReopenKS, ReopenMA (North Shore), REOPENNC, ReOpenNC Businesses, ReopenNC Wake County, ReopenNCschools, ReOpenNJ, ReOpenPa, ReOpenTheWorld, ReopenVA, ReopenWA, ReOpenWashPA, RESIST THE CA SHUTDOWN, Responsible establishments against excessive quarantine, Restore California Legally!, Restore Liberty and Freedom to PA, Restore Our American Rights, Restore The Constitution, Return2Learn Maryland Schools, RHODE ISLANDERS AGAINST THE SHUTDOWN OF STATE PARKS AND BEACHES, Routt United For Freedom, Save Oregon, Say NO to mandatory masks, SC For Freedom Group, SC Unmasked, South Florida Unmasked, SouthDakotaSmallBusinesses for Liberty, Stand For Freedom (Utah), Stand Up For Freedom, Stand up for Liberty, STAND UP FOR YOUR RIGHTS, STAND-UP  for  AMERICA, Support Trump Reopening America, Take Back Key West, Take back Ohio refuse mandatory mask, Tennesseans against excessive quarantine, Texans Against Excessive Quarantine, Texans Against Excessive Quarantines, Texans Against Forced Tyrannical Quarantine and Shutdown, Texas Citizens Against Looters, The Movement, THE OPEN ALABAMA MOVEMENT, The Tyranny Resistance Movement, The United States Of America Unmasked & Uncensored, The Unmasked Nation., Those who oppose mandatory masks, Tri-State Resistance to Lockdowns & Vaccinations, Turlock and Surrounding Areas NO MASKS, United States Against Excessive Quarantine, Unmandate Masks Arizona, UnMASK Abilene, Unmask America, Unmask California, UNMASK Gig Harbor, Un-Mask Knox, Unmask Maryland, Unmask NC, Unmask New Jersey, Unmask NM, UnMask Now, UNMASK PA, unmask RI, Un-Mask Tantasqua, Unmask Tucson, Unmasked, Unmasked Americans, Unmasked Citizens for the First Amendment, UNMASKED CONNECTICUT, Unmasked heroes of America!, UNMASKED in West Alabama, Unmasked Union, Unmasking America!, Unmasking Fear 2020, Unmasking Newsom/Back The Blue/Take Back California., Utah Freedom, Utahns Against Excessive Quarantine, VA Back2School!, Virginians Against Excessive Quarantine, Virginians against mandatory masks, Virginians for Constitutional Rights 2020, WA Patriots A.R. 2, WA State Churches & Faith Leaders (Reopen Plan), WALMART EMPLOYEES AGAINST WEARING A MASK, Washington County Uniting for Liberty, Washington State Back to Work!, Washingtonians Against (Excessive) Quarantine – WAQ, WE ARE ALL ESSENTIAL!!!, Wisconsin March for Freedom, Wisconsinites Against Excessive Quarantine, Wisconsinites Against Mandatory Masks (WAMM), WV AGAINST UNCONSTITUTIONAL POWER, Yamhill County Uniting for Liberty.

[25] People’s Rights. “Homepage.” People’s Rights website. Undated. Last accessed October 1, 2020. https://www.peoplesrights.org/.

[26] Burghart, Devin and Zeskind, Leonard. “The Tea Party Movement in 2015.” IREHR website. September 15, 2015. http://tremololabs.com/2015/09/15/the-tea-party-movement-in-2015/.

[27]  A number of People’s Rights leaders have posted material criticizing or mocking transgender people, including Georgia State leader Field Searcy (Georgia state leader) and Idaho Area 6 assistant Aaron Esquiguza. See Searcy, Field. Facebook. October 26, 2018. https://www.facebook.com/field.searcy/posts/10217240203414102.